The Molecular Basis Of Cystic Fibrosis Essay Example For Students

The Molecular Basis Of Cystic Fibrosis Essay Biology, Period 8Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic disease that is simple recessive. Thismeans that a child must have two abnormal copies of the gene, one from themother and one from the father, to have cystic fibrosis. If both parentscarry one abnormal copy of the gene, each child has a twenty-five percentchance of inheriting the disease. About thirty thousand children andadults have the disease, and one in every thirty-one Americans carries theabnormal gene. In the nineteen fifties, children with cystic fibrosis diedin their early childhood, but today they are expected to live to theirthirties due to medical treatment. Cystic fibrosis is a chronic, progressive condition that affects thedigestive and respiratory systems. The gene defect causes the body toproduce abnormally thick mucus. The mucus clogs the lungs and leads tolung and sinus infections and difficulty breathing. The thick mucus alsoobstructs the ducts of the pancreas, which prevents digestive enzymes fromreaching the intestines. Those with cystic fibrosis are unable to absorbmuch of the nutrients from food, so they have poor weight gain. Cysticfibrosis also makes the body produce a high amount of sodium and chloridein the sweat. This gives a very salty taste to the skin. The disease alsocauses reduced oxygen in the blood. People with cystic fibrosis can have abarrel shaped chest due to difficulty breathing. We will write a custom essay on The Molecular Basis Of Cystic Fibrosis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now People can find out if they have cystic fibrosis by taking a sweattest. It is a simple and painless process that measures the amount of saltin the sweat. High amounts of salt in the sweat could mean that person hascystic fibrosis. Patients can treat cystic fibrosis by cleaning mucus fromthe lungs everyday. Chest physical therapy is used to dislodge mucus fromthe lungs. There are also many drugs available to treat lung infection. There is even a drug that can thin out the mucus produced in the lungs. Much research has been done to improve the lives of people withcystic fibrosis. Especially after scientists discovered the cysticfibrosis gene in 1989. Gene therapy, using normal genes to replacedefective ones, has been the main focus of research. Trials have shownthat the normal gene can be transferred into the cystic fibrosis airways,but not efficiently enough to be used. Some ways to insert genes that arestill being tested are nasal drops, and compressing the DNA and hoping thatit will enter the nucleus of cells. Progress in gene therapy is stillcontinuing, but scientists are using their knowledge to develop othertreatments. The main goal of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation is to find a cure forthe disease. They perform clinical trials to test out new treatments. They also have research programs in top universities to increase awarenessof cystic fibrosis. Duchenne Muscular dystrophy is a sex-linked disorder. It only occursin males, and symptoms are not seen until the boy is about ten years old. There is no way to detect Duchenne muscular dystrophy before birth. Thesymptoms of this disease include muscle weakening, especially in the limbs,and heart problems. It can be treated by physical therapy to reduce muscletightening. Also, the boy may be put in a wheel chair if he cannot use hislegs, and there are many support groups for children with musculardystrophy. The main goal of the Muscular dystrophy association is toresearch to find a cure, especially because it is a fatal disease.

Legalizing Prostitution essays

Legalizing Prostitution essays Wendy slides into a nice pair of slacks, and a long sleeved button down blouse. She carefully applies her make up and curls her hair. She does not portray a prostitute, but instead, a high class businesswoman. She kisses her daughters goodbye and tells them to keep the doors locked. She is a typical woman going to work at night. She walks into one of the more classy hotels and seats herself at an expensive bar. Soon enough, a man comes to her and asks her if she would like to accompany him back to his room. Wendy accepts the offer, and three hours later she comes home with enough money to pay the rent and feed her children for the entire month. She allows the men to come to her. She does not solicit herself. Many prostitutes do not have the patience to wait around, so they work corners and hourly motels. These are the women who give Wendy, and other prostitutes like her, a bad name. Prostitution, in a clean, controlled, environment can be a noble profession, and should therefore be l egalized. Illegal prostitution is unsafe. Many prostitutes who make their money illegally, are addicted to drugs or alcohol, and therefore have little respect for themselves. According to experts in psychology and law, over 84% of illegal prostitutes use drugs. Sharing needles, and having unprotected sex are some habits of drug users. This can be dangerous for other people. If these people are then having sex with others for money, diseases and viruses can easily be passed from one to another. For this reason, there should be more places where prostitution can legally, and safely take place. In Las Vegas, Nevada, there are prostitution houses many miles out of town away from schools, parks, and other public places where prostitution should not be taking place. The women who work in these homes respect themselves, and each other. They are responsible, knowledgeable women. They pay taxes for the money they earn and are providing services to men in a s...

Is recruiting efforts, promotions, prejudice, and retention of Research Paper

Is recruiting efforts, promotions, prejudice, and retention of minority officers a source of stress within a law enforcement agency - Research Paper Example Therefore, the qualification and experience of such individuals take the center stage of considerations. However, the recruitment, promotion and retention of the minority groups calls for further considerations, other than their suitability; in terms of qualifications and experience. In this case, the vulnerabilities of the candidate, which makes them to be in a meager position than the rest, who have qualifications and experiences are considered, with the aim of giving such candidates the opportunity, since they cannot compete with the rest effectively, owing to their vulnerabilities (Shusta, Levine, Wong, & Harris, 2005). This causes stress because; there are chances that such candidates might fail to perform well in the job, despite having been favored over the others. On the event that such candidates fail to deliver as expected, yet they were favored on the basis of their race, gender or origin, it will cause stress to the other partners at work, since they could feel that the best qualified candidates would have been recruited, promoted or retained (Wirth, 2001). More than to the employer who might feel that they did not get the best qualified candidate for the job, the qualified candidates who lost the job to the minority candidate feel more stressed out. Law enforcement agencies are sensitive and particularly prone to great dangers, on the event that they are not run by qualified and the most suitable candidates (Arnesen, 2007). Therefore, the application of affirmative action, requiring that the minority groups are favored during recruitment, promotion or retention serves to put such agencies at risk of having individuals, who may not be as qualified and experienced with the work, as the other candidates who were disqualified to pave way for the minority. The stress will be borne by both the law enforcement agency and the minority candidate; since the candidates will always feel that they are in the job

Immigration and unemployment in canada Term Paper

Immigration and unemployment in canada - Term Paper Example he above figure shows that although Canada has been accommodating immigrants since the late 19th century, yet the number has drastically increased after the mid of the 20th century, specifically in the last two decades. (www.immigrationwatchcanada.org, 200-) mentioned in the same report that recent surveys have discovered that over 2 millions of Canadians are unemployed. The point of consideration is â€Å"if the increasing number of immigrants has influenced the number of employment opportunities for the native Canadians.† There are various factors that play their role in linking immigration and employment status in Canada. Canada is spread on a large piece of land, naturally enriched with natural resources. On the contrary, the low fertility rate of Canadian natives is not compatible with the number of workers required for the establishment and development of industries needed to make use of Canada’s natural resources for the well-being of the country. It is this characteristic feature of the Canadian culture that necessitates the influx of immigrants to overcome the deficiency of skilled workers in order to ensure economic growth and development of the country. This, undoubtedly ma y cause an apparent job-deficit for the native Canadians, yet the practice is likely to bear fruitful results in the long run as a result of a development in the industries followed by increased GDPs in the years to come. Also, the benefits of immigration outweigh the harms it may cause to the native Canadians in that the development in business results in increased facilities in no time and a better life-style for the Canadians to enjoy. Besides, Canadian policies tend to eliminate fears of economic drawback on the part of the native Canadians by creating a difference between the wages of a native and an immigrant working parallel to each other in terms of skill and position. Canadian policies tend to adopt a biased approach when setting wages in favor of the natives, who get higher

Todays Marriages and Families Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 210

Todays Marriages and Families - Assignment Example The magazine photo that I selected has a young girl roughly four years old reaching her arms out to her father while the mother is seated next to her. I deemed this as a structure-functional perception. It appears like the family brought up their child responsibly, provided emotional security and support. Nevertheless, it also might be the attachment theory since the child appears to develop more attachment to her father rather than her mother (Bruhn, 2005). Â  I am always interested in how the number family members in my house are from my mother’s side, which is my grandmother. The only data collection techniques, which can be used, are interviews and questionnaires (Lamanna & Riedmann, 2011). I asked my mother, my mother’s brothers and my mother’s sisters. I discovered that my grandmother has 15 children. I did not discern that I had so many uncles and aunts. Â  The age group, which is rising as a proportion of the U.S. populace, is the elderly, 65-plus years (Bruhn, 2005). For the following two decades, million Boomers will stop working. There will be roughly 10,000 new retirees included in the Medicare and Social Security rolls every day. Individuals are living longer due to U.S.’s advance health care system and clean food (Schwartz & Scott, 2012).

Removal of Imperfections in the Market Impact

Removal of Imperfections in the Market Impact Assignment question The removal of imperfections in the market leads to an increase in efficiency in the allocation of resources. Discuss whether you agree with this view. (25 Marks) Explain what is meant by normal and abnormal profit and when such profits might occur (12 marks) Discuss the three reasons as to why people demand money, according to the liquidity preference theory. (13 marks) Table of Contents (Jump to) Assignment question List of figures QUESTION 1: The removal of imperfections in the market leads to an increase in efficiency in the allocation of resources. Discuss whether you agree with this view. QUESTION 2: Explain what is meant by normal and abnormal profit and when such profits might occur. QUESTION 3: Discuss the three reasons as to why people demand money, according to liquidity preference theory. References List of figures Figure 1: A perfect competition diagram. Figure 2: Normal profit in a perfect competition and in monopoly market. Figure 3: Abnormal profit in a perfect competition and a monopoly market. Figure 4: Combination of Transactionary , precautionary , speculative demand forming the liquidity preference graph QUESTION 1: The removal of imperfections in the market leads to an increase in efficiency in the allocation of resources. Discuss whether you agree with this view. Efficiency is about how effectively the resources such as time and materials are used to produce an end result. In economic terms, it is concerned with the relationship between scarce inputs and outputs. Different forms of efficiency need to be considered. Allocative efficiency is achieved upon good resource allocation; when no one can be made better off without making someone else worse off. It occurs when the value the consumer puts on a good or service is the same as the cost of the resources used in producing it. The main condition required for allocative efficiency in a given market is that the market price is equal to the marginal cost of supply.Total economic welfare is capitalized in this stance.[1] Productive efficiency strikes in the lead of the lowest production cost against a minimal wastage of resources. A minimal long run unit cost of production leads to productive efficiency also. Dynamic efficiency focuses on changes in the options undertaken in a market together with the quality/performance of products ought to be bought. Economists often link dynamic efficiency with the pace of innovation in a market. In figure 1, at the output Ot, where the Marginal cost (MC) = Marginal revenue (MR) for the firm, the allocative efficiency exists since the firm’s price (P) isthe marginal revenue (that is, it is able to sell any amount at the unchanged price where each extra unit sold at that price provides the marginal revenue), so MC = P. In fact, at that point more equalities subsist, for instance when MC = P= MR = AR. This means clearly to make use of the least resources possible. In turn, the minimum average cost = the bottom of the AC curve. Hence, this proves that both productive and allocative efficiency are potential occurrences in the long run only under perfect competition.[2] Inequity may still prevails in a country despite encompassing allocative efficiencyandproductive efficiency. This negates the odds perfection. Figure 1: A perfect competition diagram. In Figure 2, Imperfect competitions like monopolistic competition, monopoly and oligopoly, when producing profit maximising output, that is where MR=MC, the firm is not at its productive efficient output. That is, there is no productive efficiency since AC is not minimum. Neither is there allocative efficiency since MC is below price. Figure 2: An imperfect competition diagram The market economy and market system (price mechanism) will normally lead to efficiency in terms of lowest cost, minimum price, innovation and quality products (reliable). Efficiency should increase and markets shall boom their performance with the elimination of imperfections. However, removing all imperfections is virtually impossible due to the existence of market failures. The Market mechanism and the price mechanism do not apportion resources efficiently. Unfortunately for markets to achieve efficiency, a few conditions must be satisfied: the market must be competitive with no benefits or costs external to the market and the market buyers and sellers must be aware of all the information concerning prices and alternatives. This is however impractical to achieve and leads to market failure.[3] Market failure is a situation in the free Market system that foils the most efficient allocation of economic resources; For example when a market having being left on its own has failed to allocate resources efficiently in the case of freely-functioning markets operating without government intervention. Therefore, economic efficiency welfare cannot be maximized. This leads to a loss of economic efficiency. The government policy interventions are able to potentially remedy the problem and increase economic efficiency in case of market failure. This can also cause an inefficient allocation of resources. Market failure is a situationwhere the free market fails to pull off an optimum allocation ofresources which is possibly the outcome of market imperfections, externalities and public goods and merit goods.[4]  Market imperfection describes a situation in which the market behaviourdiffers from what it would be under perfect competition. A monopoly oran oligopoly may control the market and prevent other firms fromentering the market, restricting supply, the monopoly and oligopoly firm may be able to fix higher prices than they would be under a freemarket.In imperfect competition, there is likely to be market failure since firms who dominate their markets will attempt to charge high prices in order to make greater profit. An externality exists if a benefit is not included in the demand price or a cost is not included in the supply price. As such, market equilibrium does not achieve an efficient allocation. Positive externalities exist where a society acquires more than the producer. The latter thus produces less than the optimal social amount. Examples are health and education. Examples of negative externalities are smoking and alcohol consumption. Government interventions are vital to adjust or counteract market failure scenarios caused by negative externalities. The government opts to tax those producing in excess. Legal help also is sought in some instances. Despite that market failures can be fixed, Governments are also imperfect since their interventions are also occasionally unable to warranty a remedy or provide an efficient allocation of resources. [5] Even when the market appears to be working perfectly, we can have a problem with some goods. These are the public goods which are collectively consumed and the market may simply not supply them (e.g. street lighting) and the merit goods which areprovided by the market but in smaller amounts than are needed for the good of the state. Health and education are the most obvious ones. These may all be supplied in the â€Å"wrong† amounts, or even not supplied at all. When this occurs, it renders the market system inefficient and it is failing in this area. The free market system is able to allocate scarce economic resourcesefficiently if private costs are the same as social costs, and privatebenefits are the same as social benefits. But in the most cases, theyare not the same. It is then argued that the price mechanism fails totake into account social cost and social benefits, and therefore failsin its role to allocate resources to their optimum use. Market failureis the result of a sub optimal allocation of resources in a country. The market can fail also because of factor immobility (land, labour and capital) and the distribution of wealth and income. Increasing economies of scale may push all producers out of a market if none can charge enough to cover costs. In that case, production ceases even if it benefits society. Hence, markets fail under increasing economies of scale.[6] Hence, it can be said that the removal of imperfections do lead to an increase in efficiency in the allocation of resources. One can try to achieve this concept but can only approach close to perfection and cannot remove all the imperfections in a market system. A market where efficiency is achieved in terms of lowest cost, minimum price, innovation and quality products (reliable) is difficult to obtained and there will always exists some degree of imperfections. QUESTION 2: Explain what is meant by normal and abnormal profit and when such profits might occur. The difference between the Total Cost (TC) and Total Revenue (TR) amounts to the profit of a firm. The payment to factors of production makes up the TC. The sales of the finished good breed the TR. When TR exceeds TC, the firm makes a profit termed in economic theory supernormal or abnormal profit (ANP). When the TR is less than TC, the firm is subject to a loss termed as a sub-normal profit. When TR equals to TC, then the firm makes normal profit (NP).[7] The NP is the minimum level of profit to keep factors in their present employment. It is also equal to the opportunity cost of being in business; the profit that could have been reaped in the next alternative business. Figure 2 illustrates respectively firms in a perfect competition and a monopoly market situation earning only NP: Figure 3: Normal profit in a perfect competition and in monopoly market. The ANP is the profit in excess of NP. It is called producer’s surplus. Diagram 3 and 4 illustrates ANP in a perfect competition and a monopoly market: Figure 4: Abnormal profit in a perfect competition and a monopoly market. The principle characteristic factor between NP and ANP is that the former is the minimum requirement for factors to stay in their present employment. It also aims to competitive market situations: perfect competition and monopolistic competition. ANP points to non-competitive situations: monopoly and oligopoly. It is in fact the compensation for entrepreneur initiative and creativity. In the short-run, both types of profits transpire in any market structure – perfect competition; monopolistic competition, oligopoly or monopoly. However, in the long-run, ANP can arise only in monopoly and oligopoly due to barriers to entry. Firms in perfect competition and monopolistic competition can make only normal profits in the long run again due to the freedom to entry.[8] QUESTION 3: Discuss the three reasons as to why people demand money, according to liquidity preference theory. One can use the theory of Keynesian Liquidity Preference to answer the determinants of the demand for money. The demand for money signifies the demand for money to expend. It is money to be exploited for the immediate exchange of goods and services. The common man demands money to pay one’s daily purchases of goods and services. The daily cash transactions for a person are expected to depend on the size of one’s money income and on institutional arrangements such as the sum remunerated or the bills to be paid. Institutional arrangements have a propensity to remain unaltered. It is thus anticipated that the total demand for money for transaction purposes to depend directly on money national income.[9] Economists spot three motives to clutch money: the transaction motive, the precautionary motive and the asset (speculative) motive. The transaction demand (Tm ) for money is perfectly interest inelastic, that is, it is not responsive to interest rate changes. Whether the interest rate changes, the amount of money a person, household, firm or country holds for transactions will remain more or less unchanged, assuming income and other variables remain constant. Hence, the graph of the demand for money for transactional purpose against the quantity of money demanded is a vertical straight line.[10] The second reason is the precautionary motive. Money is here required to meet one’s unexpected expenditures. The money demanded for precautionary motive also tends to depend on the level of income, as in the case of the transactions demand. Similarly, the precautionary demand (Pm) is also interest inelastic and a vertical straight line graph. The third reason is called the speculative demand for money. Usually the amount of money in existence is more than the sum called for transactionary and precautionary purposes. The excess must be held by someone somewhere. ‘People hold â€Å"idle† cash balances?’- Keynes challenged that it is for tentative purposes. This means being constantly in possession of a stash of cash to create profit at any given opportunity. For instance, it may be lucrative to buy shares or government securities (bonds) if someone is geared up with cash at the given instant. The speculative demand for money is inversely related to interest rate and is elastic. [11] This demand for money will budge according to people’s speculation based on expectations. Secondly, it depends on business optimum. If speculators expect assets price to collapse, the demand of money will augment. Entrepreneurs will demand more money to invest in case of fruitful business. Together the three motives make up the total demand for money in a country, called the liquidity preference (LP). The diagram below illustrates the concept of each motive in a graphical way. Figure 5: Combination of Transactionary, precautionary and speculative demand forming the liquidity preference graph References Anderston, A., 2008. Economics. fifth ed. s.l.:Graficas Estella, Navarra Spain. Anderton, A., 2000. Economics. third ed. s.l.:Causeway Press Limited. Anon., 2013. Short Run And Long Run Profits Trends Economics Essay. [Online] Available at: http://www.ukessays.com/essays/economics/short-run-and-long-run-profits-trends-economics-essay.php?cref=1 [Accessed 26 March 2015]. Anon., 2013. Theories Of Demand For Money And Empirical Works Economics Essay. [Online] Available at: http://www.ukessays.com/essays/economics/theories-of-demand-for-money-and-empirical-works-economics-essay.php?cref=1 [Accessed 24 March 2015]. Anon., 2013. What Is Market Failure And Its Causes Economics Essay. [Online] Available at: http://www.ukessays.com/essays/economics/what-is-market-failure-and-its-causes-economics-essay.php?cref=1 [Accessed 24 March 2015]. Anon., n.d. Profit. [Online] Available at: http://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Business_economics/Profits.html [Accessed 18 March 2015]. Anon., n.d. MARKET FAILURES. [Online] Available at: http://www.AmosWEB.com [Accessed 19 March 2015]. Bà ¦kkeskov, E., 2013. Market failure. [Online] Available at: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1937869/market-failure [Accessed 07 March 2015]. Bamford, C. et al., 2006. AS Level and A level Economics. s.l.:University of Cambridge. Grant, S. Stanlake, G., 2006. Stanlakes Introductory Economics. SJ Grant ed. s.l.:Pearson Education Limited. Lipsey, R. G. Hardbury, c., 2006. First Principles of Economics. second ed. s.l.:Oxford University Press. Vernon, R. Louis T. Wells, J., 1991. The economic environment of international business. fifth ed. s.l.:Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall. Ward, D. B. a. D., n.d. Economics for business. s.l.:Mc Graw-Hill Higher Education. [1] Anderton, A., 2000. Economics. third ed. s.l.:Causeway Press Limited. [2] Lipsey, R. G. Hardbury, c., 2006. First Principles of Economics. second ed. s.l.:Oxford University Press. [3] Anon., n.d. MARKET FAILURES. [Online] Available at: http://www.AmosWEB.com [Accessed 19 March 2015]. [4] Anon., 2013. What Is Market Failure And Its Causes Economics Essay. [Online] Available at: http://www.ukessays.com/essays/economics/what-is-market-failure-and-its-causes-economics-essay.php?cref=1 [Accessed 24 March 2015]. [5] Anon., 2013. What Is Market Failure And Its Causes Economics Essay. [Online] Available at: http://www.ukessays.com/essays/economics/what-is-market-failure-and-its-causes-economics-essay.php?cref=1 [Accessed 24 March 2015]. [6] Bà ¦kkeskov, E., 2013. Market failure. [Online] Available at: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1937869/market-failure [Accessed 07 March 2015]. [7] Anon., n.d. Profit. [Online] Available at: http://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Business_economics/Profits.html [Accessed 18 March 2015]. [8] Anon., 2013. Short Run And Long Run Profits Trends Economics Essay. [Online] Available at: http://www.ukessays.com/essays/economics/short-run-and-long-run-profits-trends-economics-essay.php?cref=1 [Accessed 26 March 2015]. [9] Ward, D. B. a. D., n.d. Economics for business. s.l.:Mc Graw-Hill Higher Education. [10] Anderston, A., 2008. Economics. fifth ed. s.l.:Graficas Estella, Navarra Spain. [11] Anon., 2013. Theories Of Demand For Money And Empirical Works Economics Essay. [Online] Available at: http://www.ukessays.com/essays/economics/theories-of-demand-for-money-and-empirical-works-economics-essay.php?cref=1 [Accessed 24 March 2015].

Is Chocolate Physiologically or Psychologically Addictive? Essay

Is Chocolate Physiologically or Psychologically Addictive? Chocolate is made from the seeds of the tropical tree, Theobroma cacao. Theobroma is the Greek term for 'food of the gods.' In Aztec society chocolate was a food of the gods, reserved for priests, warriors and nobility. The Aztecs used cacao beans to make a hot, frothy and bitter beverage called chocolatl. Chocolatl was a sacred concoction that was associated with fertility and wisdom. It was also thought to have stimulating and restorative properties. The bitter drink was first introduced to Europe in 1528. However, it was not until 1876 that milk, cocoa powder and cocoa butter were combined to form what we now know as chocolate (1). Today, production and consumption of chocolate is a global affair. People crave chocolate more than any other food. In the United States, the typical person eats 11.5 pounds of chocolate annually (2). What makes chocolate the food that is craved more often than any other food? Yes, chocolate tastes good, has a beautiful texture and melts in your mouth, but there must be more to chocolate than what meets the lips. In fact, chocolate is made up of chemicals associated with mood, emotion and addiction. Many people eat chocolate as a comfort food when they are depressed or stressed. The question is, do people crave chocolate because their bodies and brains are addicted to the chemicals in it or do people crave chocolate because they have a psychological attachment to it? Substances found in chocolate, such as phenylethylamine, theobromine, anandamide and tryptophan trigger mood enhancing chemicals and neurotransmitters to be released in the brain. Phenylethylamine is a chemical found in the body that is similar to amphetamine. It he... ...es 1)CHOCOLATE, on the Chocolate web site http://www.chocolate.org/ 2)Prescription-strength chocolate, on the Science News Online-Food for Thought web site http://www.science.org/sn_arch/10_12_96/food.htm 3)Chocolate and Anxiety, on the About the Human Internet web site http://panicdisorder.about.com/cs/shfitness/a/chocolate.htm 4)Theobromine: Chocolate's Caffeine Cousin, on the About the Human Internet web site http://chemistry.about.com/library/weekly/?once=true& 5)Chocolate "addiction" A Fiction?, on the Personal MC web site http://www.personalmd.com/news/a1998121611.shtml 6)Health and Happiness-does chocolate have it all wrapped up?, on the IFIS Hot Topic web site http://www.ifis.co.uk/index.html 7)Chocolate: A heart-healthy confection?, on the CNN web site http://archives.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/diet.fitness/02/02/chocolate.wmd/