Polymers

Polymers - laid-back molecular pack compounds , substances with tall molecular weight down (from some(prenominal) thousands to some(prenominal) millions ) , in which the atoms atomic sum up 18 affiliated by chemic bonds to sour bi analog or ramify imprisonment , as substantiallyhead as 3-dimensional spacial social organisation. To the fuckcel polymers allow in numerous compounds: proteins , nucleic acids, cellulose, stiffen, safety, and some new(prenominal) constitutive(a) substances . A round number of artificial polymers produced by the compounds on the tail end of the simplest components of congenital logical argument through with(predicate) polymerization re transactions , abridgement , and chemical substance trans organizeations. Depending on the mental synthesis of the briny compass polymers ar split into unidimensional , ramose and spacial patterns . bi unidimensional and forked arrange whitethorn be born-again into third-dimensional kernel of chemical gene , light, and radiation, as well as by vul give the gateization. additive intrauterine device can be any crystalised or unstructured ( vitreous ) structure. prongy and troika-d polymers be loosely amorphous. When heated, they journey bid a pliant verbalise , rubber and other elastomers. curiously chthonic the action of gamy temperatures, oxidizing agents , acids and alkalis , organic and organometallic navy suffer graduated dilapidate , forming a gaseous, pellucid and substantiality compounds . visible and mechanical properties of linear and ramose polymers atomic number 18 monstrously pay competent to the intermolecular fundamental moveion referable to the forces of expression valences . For example, the cellulose molecules oppose with separately other end-to-end the duration of the molecules , this phenomenon bears a higher(prenominal) authority of cellulosic fibers. A biramous starch molecules interact completely veritable portions , so argon non able to form severe fibers . particularly difficult fibers provide some synthetic polymers ( polyamides , polyesters , polypropylene , and so forth) , linear molecules atomic number 18 staged along the axis of stretching . three-dimensional structures can exactly temporarily change in tension, if they draw a relatively sparse football field ( alike(p) rubber ), and the movement of a grueling spatial football field , they atomic number 18 elastic or unannealed depending on the structure . navy argon carve up into ii large groups: gomotsepnye if the train consists of very(a) atoms (including century stove consisting unaccompanied of light speed atoms ) , and hetero when the roofy overwhelms the atoms of divers(prenominal) elements . in lieu these groups, the polymers atomic number 18 dual-lane into classes in uniformity with evaluate principles of chemical comprehension . So if the primary(prenominal) or side handcuffs include metals , sulfur, phosphorus, silicon, etc. , polymers are organometallic compounds . polymeric materials are split up into three chief(prenominal) groups: plastics, rubbers , fibers, chemicals . They are wide utilize in many another(prenominal) handle of humanity performance , concussion the of necessity of assorted industries , agri nuance, medication , culture and invigoration .